James Abbott McNeill Whistler
Fine Prints: Etchings and
Lithographs
Although born in Massachusetts, James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834
- 1903) spent almost all of his life abroad, a true cosmopolitan. After several youthful years spent in Russia (where he
first learned French), he came to France in 1855, to study in Paris
at the Ecole Impériale et Spéciale
de Dessin and in the atelier of Charles Gleyre.
In 1858, after a tour across
northern France and Rhineland, he published his first album of prints, Twelve Etchings from Nature, known
as
the French Set, exhibited at
the Salon
and Royal Academy in 1859. Given its success, Whistler moved to
London, and soon acquired an immense reputation as a master
printmaker,* producing hundreds of etchings and lithographs.
His greatest printmaking
achievement however may arguably be the two sets of etchings he made in
Venice over the second half of the 1870s, working onsite, from nature,
often quite secretively. These prints were among the most rigorously
worked impressions of his career, with some, such as The Doorway, spanning twenty states!
Whistler also took up
lithography
in 1878, and showed himself to be a painstaking craftsman in producing
them, as attested by his abundant correspondence with Thomas Way,
his
lithographic printer (see Spink, Stratis and Tesdeschi 1998 for a
transcription). He notably took great care in choosing the
lithographic transfer paper, the page layout, as well as the paper
itself for the small lifetime editions, impressions from which are now
exceedingly rare.
[NB
Here we have presented the etchings first, followed by the lithographs,
as they have been studies in two separate catalogues raisonnés.]
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
La Vieille aux Loques
[The Old Rag Woman]
Kennedy 21, Mansfield 21, Glasgow 27
etching,
1858, on fine, crisp, light-grayish laid paper, with wide though irregular margins
(probably torn from an old ledger, as Whistler was then fond of such antique
papers), a splendid third state impression of this landmark print, with a prestigious provenance
First published in Paris as part of the French Set, this
etching was Whistler's first seated female profile portrait, probably
drawn from nature that autumn in the streets of the city.
The rich graphic potential of the setting in a darkened doorway was a
theme that Whistler would pursue and develop over the next thirty years.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
The Doorway
Kennedy 188.5, Mansfield 185, Glasgow 193.10
etching,
with drypoint, roulette, and carefully wiped plate-tone, 1879-80, on
medium-fine laid paper with the "hunting horn in shield"
watermark, trimmed to the platemark, signed on the tab, annotated and again signed on the verso by the artist, a superb and
very rare early proof impression of this exceptional print
First exhibited in 1880,
and published as part of Venice, a Series of Twelve Etchings
(the "First Venice Set") in the same year, this print takes up one of
Whister's favorite themes, depicting the elaborate Renaissance façade
of the Palazzo
Gussoni, then a chairbler's shop, with a young woman on the stairway at
water's edge, who is shown in some states to be washing out linen.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
Fishing Boat
Kennedy 208, Mansfield 205, Glasgow 198
etching,
1879-1880, on medium-fine laid paper with the Strasbourg lily
watermark, trimmed to the platemark, signed on the tab, a superb and
rare 4th state impression of this fine print
First exhibited in 1883,
and published as part of A Set of Twenty-six Etchings
(the "Second Venice Set") in 1886, this etching depicts a moored bragozzo
on the Venetian lagoon, draped in drying fishing nets, with the Santa
Maria della Salute basilica and the Punta della Dogana, with its famous
statue of Fortuna, in the far background, to the right.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
Drury Lane
Kennedy 237, Mansfield, 234, Glasgow 243
etching,
1880-1881, on very thin antique laid paper, only state, with thread
margins, a fine early proof impression of this rare work
First exhibited in 1883,
and published as part of A Set of Twenty-six Etchings
(the "Second Venice Set") in 1886, this etching depicts a "snapshot"
view of this somewhat run-down London neighborhood, with a lone busker,
right, and various passersby, in front of a wide passageway, opening
onto a finely etched street scene in the far background.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
Early Morning
Way 7, Spink, Stratis and Tedeschi 9
lithotint, 1878, on medium-weight cream wove paper, 4th state (of 4), a fine impression with full margins
Whistler's
third lithotint, a view of Battersea (and a companion piece to his previous
Nocturne), was reworked
in four states, the present atmospheric version showing his intent to
depict a bright misty riverfront dawn; it was intended for
publication, although the magazine closed down before the edition could
be completed, and thus full sheets with letters (such as the present
impression)
are quite rare.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
Nude Model, Standing
[Modèle Nu, Debout]
Way 154, Spink, Stratis and Tedeschi 48
lithograph, probably 1891, on thin greyish-white chine paper, only known state, with good margins, a fine working proof impression
In
the early 1890s, Whistler executed a number of transfer lithographs,
ostensibly in view of developing a series of colour prints with
the Parisian imprimeur
Belfond. As this project was never finalized, this fine lithograph
was never published, and is thus exceptionally rare.
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
The Laundress
[La Blanchisseuse de la Place Dauphine]
Spink, Stratis and Tedeschi 93
transfer lithograph,
1894, on cream laid Japan paper, only known state, with full margins, an
exceptional early impression, signed by the
artist with his butterfly monogram in pencil, and annotated, possibly
by the printer
In
1894, Whistler undertook a series of transfer lithographs, most of
which were informal Parisian street scenes; these were printed by
Thomas Way the same year in London. This fine print, depicting a
laundry shopfront in central Paris, is one of his very best, as he
acknowledged
in a letter to the printer in August 1894.
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* Martin Hardie, Keeper of
the Print Department at the V&A in 1921, wrote:
"There are some who
set him beside Rembrandt, perhaps above Rembrandt, as the greatest
master of all time.
Personally, I prefer to regard them as the Jupiter and Venus, largest
and brightest among the planets in the etcher's heaven."